专升本英语必备的50个语法知识点



??#专升本[超话]##山东专升本吧[超话]#专升本英语必备的50个语法知识点1.it作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型例:shehadsaidwhatitwasnecessarytosay.2.强调句型例:itisnotwhorulesusthatisimportant,buthowherulesus.3."all+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"(very+形容词)例:hewasallgentlenesstoher.4.利用词汇重复表示强调例:acrimeisacrimeacrime.5."something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of""somethingof"相当于"tosomeextent",表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中,则为"anythingof",可译为"有点","略微等。""译为毫无","全无"。"muchof"译为"大有","notmuchof"可译为"算不上","称不上","littleof"可译为"几乎无"。somethinglike译为"有点像,略似。"例:theysaythathehadnouniversityeducation,butheseemstobesomethingofascholar.6.同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物,"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语,以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"heroldsharperofafather",可译为:"她那骗子般的父亲"。例:thosepigsofgirlseatsomuch.7.as…as…can(may)be例:itisasplainasplaincanbe.8."itisin(with)…asin(with)"例:itisinlifeasinajourney.9."asgoodas…"相等于,就像,几乎如;实际上,其实,实在。例:themerchantasgoodaspromisedtheorphanboy,thathewouldadopthim.10."manyaswell…as"和"mightaswell…as""manyaswell…as"可译为"与其……,不如……,更好","以这样做……为宜","如同……,也可以……"等等。"mightaswell…as"表示不可能的事,可译为"犹如……","可与……一样荒唐","与其那样不如这样的好"等等。例:onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitimperfectly.11."tomake…of"的译法(使……成为……,把……当作)例:iwillmakeascientistofmyson.12.too…+不定式",not(never)too…+不定式","too…not+不定式例:sheistooangrytospeak13.13.only(not,all,but,never)too…todoso"和"tooready(apt)+todo"结构中,不定式也没有否定意义,凡是"not","all""but等字后+"too…to,"不定式都失去了否定意义,在"tooready(apt)+todo"结构中,不定式也没有否定意义。例:youknowbuttooyelltoholdyourtongue.14."nomore…than…"句型例:ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabodywithoutasoulisaman.15."notsomuch…as"和"notsomuchas…"结构"notsomuch…as"="notsomuchas…",其中as又可换用butrather,可译为:"与其说是……毋须说是……"。而"notsomuchas"="without(not)even,"可译为"甚至……还没有"。例:theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.16."nothingismore…than"和"nothingisso…as"结构,"nothingismore…than"和"nothingisso…as"都具有最高级比较的意思"nothingi"可换用"no","nobody","nowhere","little","few","hardly","scarcely"等等,可译为"没有……比……更为","像……再没有了","最……"等。例:nothingismorepreciousthantime.17."cannot…too…"结构,"cannot…too…"意为"itisimpossibletooverdo…"或者,即"无论怎样……也不算过分"。"not"可换用"hardly","scarcely"等,"too"可换用"enough","sufficient"等。例:youcannotbetoocareful.18."否定+but"结构,在否定词后面的"but",具有"whichnot","whonot","thatnot",等等否定意义,构成前后的双重否定。可译成"没有……不是"或"……都……"等。例:nothingissobadbutitmighthavebeenworse.19."否定+until(till)"结构,在否定词"no","not","never","little","few","seldom"等的后边所接用的"until/till",多数情况下译为"直到……才……","要……才……",把否定译为肯定。例:nobodyknowswhathecandotillhehastried.20."notso…but"和"notsucha…but"结构,这两个结构和"否定+but"的结构差不多,不同之点是这两个结构中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的连续词,表示程度。可译为"还没有……到不能做……的程度","并不是……不……","无论怎样……也不是不能……"等。例:heisnotsosickbuthecancometoschool.21."疑问词+should…but"结构,这个结构表示过去的意外的事,意为"none…but",可译为"除了……还有谁会……","岂料","想不到……竟是……"等。例:whoshouldwriteitbuthimself?22."whoknowsbut(that)…"和"whocouldshould…but"结构,这个结构是反问形式,一般意译为"多半","亦未可知"等等,有时也可直译。例:whoknowsbut(that)hemaygo?23."祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"结构,"祈使句+and"表示"if…you…","祈使+or"表示"if…not…,you。例:addlovetoahouseandyouhaveahome.addrighteousnesstoacityandyouhaveacommunity.addtruthtoapileofredbrickandyouhaveaschool.24."名词+and"结构,在这个结构中,名词等于状语从句,或表示条件,或表示时间。例:aword,andhewouldlosehistemper.25."as…,so…"结构,这里的"so"的意思是"inthesameway"(也是如此)。此结构表明

两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。例:asrusteatsiron,socareeatstheheart.26."ifany"结构,"ifany"和"ifever",意思是"果真有……","即使有……",表示加强语气。与此类似的还有:"ifanything"(如有不同的话,如果稍有区别),"ifaday"(=atleast,至少)。例:thereislittle,ifany,hope.27."beitever(never)so"和"letitbeever(never)so"结构,这里,"beit"中的"be"是古英语假设语气的遗留形式,现代英语则使用"letitbe"。"everso"和"neverso"都表示同一意思,都表示"very"。例:beiteversohumble(letitbeeversohumble),homeishome.28."thelast+不定式"和"thelast+定语从词"结构,这种结构中的"last"意思是"theleastlikely",用于否定性推论。可译为"最不大可能的","最不合适的",由原意的"最后一个……"变成"最不可能……的一个"。例:heisthelastmantoacceptabride.29."so…that…"句型,这个句型的意思是"如此……,以致于……",但在翻译成汉语时,许多情况下,并不是一定要译成"如此……以致于……",而是变通表达其含义。例:heransofastthatnobodycouldcatchhimup.30."more+than+原级形容词(副词)"结构,这是将不同性质加以比较,其中的"more"有"rather"的意思。例:itismorethanprobablethathewillfall.31."morethan+动词"结构,这种结构表示动词的程度,可译为"异常","岂止","十二分地"等。例:thismorethansatisfiedme.32."goodand…"的副词用法,

译为"非常","很"等。类似还有"niceand…","fineand…,""lovelyand…","brightand…","rareand…","bigand…"等,均表示程度。例:theapplesaregoodandripe.33."andthat"结构,这个"andthat"应译为"而且……",表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强,"that"代表前面的整个陈述部分。例:returntoyourwork,andthatatonce.34."atonce…and"结构,这个结构译为"既……又……",起相关连接的作用,相当于"both…and…"。例:thenovelisatoncepleasingandinstructive.35."inthat…"结构,这个结构的意思是"在那一点上(方面)",可译为"因为"。类似的结构还有"inthis…"。例:thebudgetisunrealisticinthatitdisregardsincreasedcosts.36."thenamenotwithstanding"结构,这个结构中"notwithstanding"是介词,这个介词可以置前,可以置后,比如也可写成:"notwithstandingthename"。起让步状语的作用。somepeoplethinkofthestoragebatteryasasortofcondenserwhereelectricityisstored.butthisisanentirelywrongconception,thenamenotwithstanding.37."every…not"和"all…not"结构,"every…not"表示"不见得每个……都是……";"all…not"表示"不见得所有……都是……"的意思。例:everymanisnotpolite,andallarenotborngentlemen.38."mayaswellnot…as"结构,此结构可译为"与其……不如不……"。例:onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitbutimperfectly.39."haveonlyto…do"结构,此结构表示"只须(消)……就能……"的意思。例:wehaveonlytoturntothatextraordinarydiscoverymadebyedisontoseethesignificanceofit.40."not(no)…unless…"句型例:noincreaseinoutputcanbeexpectedunlessanewassemblylineisinstalled.41."better…than…"句型例:bettermylifeshouldbeendedbytheirhate,thanthathatedlifeshouldbeprolongedtolivewithoutyourlove.42."asitwere"是一个非常常用的插入语,意思是"好象","可以说"等。例:apieceofironnearamagnet,thoughapparentlyseparatefromit,feels,asitwere,thethreadsofthisattachment.43.复杂结构,在下面例句中,由于anyone的定语从句过长,把谓语mustrealize提到定语从句之前。例:thoughfaithandconfidencearesurelymoreorlassforeigntomynature,idonotinfrequentlyfindmyselflookingtothemtobeable,diligent,candid,andevenhonest.plainlyenough,thatistoolargeanorder,asanyonemustrealizewhoreflectsuponthemannerinwhichtheyreachpublicoffice.44."not…anymorethan…"为:"不能……,正如不能……"。例:onecannotlearntosketchandexpresshimselfgraphicallyonlybyreadingaboutitanymorethanonecanlearntoswimwhilestandingbythepool.45."bythatasitmay"是"letitbethatasitmay"的省略形式,是由"be"引起的另外一种假设结构,意思是"虽然如此,尽管这样"。例:itissaidthatthenervepoisonisthemoreprimitiveofthetwo,thatthebloodpoisonis,sotospeak,anewproductfromanimprovedformula.bethatasitmay,thenervepoisondoesitsbusinesswithmanfarmorequicklythanthebloodpoison.46."ifatall"是一个由"if"引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为"即将……","即使……"等。例:icanseeonlywithgreatdifficulty,ifatall.47.由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构.例:therehavebeenopeneduptothevastandexcellentscience,inwhichmyworkisthebeginning,waysandmeansbywhichothermindsmoreaccuratethanwinewillexploreitsremotecorners.48."rangefrom…to…"结构。这是一个常见结构,译时很多情况下应变通处理,不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。例:computerapplicationsrangefromanassemblylinecompletelyrunbycomputerstoachildrentoyrespondingtoremotesignals.49."theway…"结构例:ialwaysthoughtshewasacommon-sensepersonwhodiscussedthingsthewaytheyoughttobediscussed.50.复杂宾补结构例:inrecentyears,thedevelopmentofsensitiveandaccuratemeasuringequipmenthasmadeitpossibletomeasuretheacuityofhearingofanyindividualatdifferentfrequencies.????